Unit 2 Questions

1. The Enclosure Movement eventually led to the growth of cities because rich land owners kicked poor farmers off their land so the richer could grow more crops and make more money. The poor farmers migrated to the cities looking for jobs in factories and they became the labor force.


2. Mass society changed society by giving the lower and middle classes more power. Politicians of the time realized that since most of the population was made up of lower and middle classes, and in order to receive votes, their rules had to comply and be in favor with the lower classes, and this gave the middle and lower classes more power. Means of production also depended on the working class, and if the lower class didn’t work, the economy would fail.


3. After slavery was abolished in 1809 through the 13th amendment, a lot more jobs were available. However, the workers in the factories had horrible working conditions and little pay. Labor unions were created and people that joined these unions protested and went on strikes. When many people began immigrating to America from Ireland and Germany, the new immigrants also joined these labor unions. This created larger and much more powerful labor unions, and the government finally gave in to give the workers more money and better working conditions.

Obama's Cabinet Positions

1.Treasury- Bill Clinton. During his two terms as president, the economy was thriving. Stocks were up, minimum wage was raised, and he provided government jobs for the jobless. His work done during his presidency clearly reveals his ability to manage money. Therefore, Bill Clinton should be put as treasurer if America would like to return to its former economic glory.


2. Defense- John McCain. I believe that John McCain should be put in charge of Defense because his years of experience as a soldier in the Vietnam War. McCain obviously has experienced war; he knows the dangers and traumas of it. His knows tactics of war, and with his knowledge, he can help America win in Iraq.

3. Energy- I think that Dan Reicher should be selected to be hold the cabinet position of energy. Dan Reicher has been trying to find an alternative fuel that Americans can use. In the near future, America can not function on foreign oil and it will run out soon anyways. He even has twenty years of experience with working with energy technology. Reicher was Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy. Reicher cares about the environment and has invested 1 billion dollars towards the energy cause. Reicher is the perfect candidate to run for this position

4. Homeland Security- Janet Napolitano. Napolitano is known as one of the best governors in the US. She would know a lot about protecting out country. She will always try her best to establish what she thinks is right. With the experience of being a former governor, she should know how to make the best choices for out country.


5. Education- Joel Klein. I think that Klein should be appointed to be in charge of the cabinet of education. Being New York City’s chancellor of their department of education, he must have experience with the education system. New York City has the largest public school system, so he must have a lot of wisdom when working with the education department. He even has past experience with the government because he was once Assistant Attorney General of the U.S.

Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution

1. The Sadler Committee provided evidence that led to the Factory Acts of 1833. They revealed evidence of young children who were forced to work long hours in dangerous conditions. One child told the Sadler Committee stated that he was paid less than the other workers were given in the textile factories. Another case involved a boy who had worked in the factories from age 8 and he was then 22 years old. He worked fourteen to sixteen hours a day, starting at five in the morning. He had to walk to and from work, which was two miles away, and if he was late, he would be beaten. He was expected to work as quick as a machine and if he did not, he was also beaten. Finally, when he came home, he had to cook. In another case, a young girl, Elizabeth was an eight year old child. She worked from twelve to fifteen hours with only a forty minute break. If she didn’t work fast enough, she was also beaten. Peter Smart was another child whose overseer made his workers work nineteen hour days while the parents were paid for the children’s work.

2. Chadwick’s Report on Sanitary Conditions, I believe, was the most influential piece of evidence in the making of the Factory Acts. when people moved from their farms to the city, there were diseases and famine. They were infected with cholera and rickets due to their dirty living conditions and contaminated food and water. However, the upper class were not as greatly affected by disease because they were able to afford plumbing and did not live in such small and crowded apartments. The upper class’s lives were much more hygienic than the lower classes also. In the second part of the Report, the immune systems of the young population was unable to fight disease because their body had not created antibodies for the disease yet so the young people were sick allot. Because there was nothing to treat disease, the diseases spread like wildfire. Everyone was poor and and their was always trash on the streets, this also started disease. The water that people used was contaminated because the only the rich could afford clean water. The contaminated water brought cholera and other disease.

Essay on Population & Wealth of Nations

Ch. 1
-People need food to live
-Looking forward in life is the only way to find what you want in life
-Population increases in a geometrical ratio when unchecked
-Theory is confirmed by experiment
-Men & women must have passion for each other

Ch.2
-the dictate of nature and virtue seems to be an early attachment to one woman.
-Breaking up land causes agriculture to grow
-Population will never increase without sex
-Superior power cannot be checked without a vice.
-Propositions are unquestionable truths.

Ch.3
- hunting is the principal occupation in the rudest form on man
- European settlement accepted a simpler and civilized way of life where a woman raises five, or six, or more children
-Native Americans have less children because women are slaves and work through pregnancy, causing miscarriages
-War balances the population
-Food has to be rationed so it can be distributed to the growing population

Ch.4
-Good, healthy food necessary for living
-Large number of humans created from other people
-Population will double every 25 years.
- Servants living with families are put under more rules than those who get married
- The laborer who earns eighteen pence a day and lives with some degree of comfort as a single man, will hesitate a little before he divides that pittance among four or five, which seems to be but just sufficient for one.

Ch. 5
-population should be restricted to a certain amount
-food is a necessity
-lower class population must stay low or otherwise, it will burden the upper class
-parish law should be repealed
-Lower class will never be happy because they will always be poor

Ch 6.
-amount of land in economy=population growth
-population & amount of land is unevenly distributed
-population has no limit while amount of land does
-land is a powerful force
-food is a necessity
-wars should kill off population to balance them
-population will build back up