1. Potsdam Conference- Conference between the Soviet Union, the U.S, and Britian. The goal of the conference was to deal with the Nazi occupied states at the end of WWII, establish peace treaties. The countries had to decide what to do with war reparations, trials on Nazi officers and criminals.
2. Long Telegram (X Article)- Published in 1947. It was written by the Deputy Chief of Mission Kennan, it was sent from the U.S to the Soviet Union. The U.S demanded to know why the Soviets were not in backing them up in support for the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund. Kennan assumed that the Soviet Union was o a war against capitalism and socialism.
3. Iron Curtain- The iron curtain was a boundary between East and West Germany, this idea was proposed by Winston Churchill. It stood from the end of WWII to the end of the Cold War after it was voted that East and West Germany was to reunite.
4. GDR- The German Democratic Republic, East Germany and were communist. It divided the city of Berlin into two areas. After the Berlin Wall was opened, it was voted that East and West Germany should reunite.
5. Satellite Nations- Country that is technically independent, however it is a country that is under another country’s rule. The Soviet Union was in charge of nearly al of the eastern and central European governments, including Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the GDR, Poland, Romania and Hungary
6. Containment- U.S policy that united economic, diplomatic, and military strategies to try to end the spread of communism. Another goal of containment was to improve security, influence, and the inhibit a domino effect that would make many nations resort to communism as a form of government. Philosophy leads back to U.S president Truman.
7. Brezhnev Doctrine- Soviet Union policy that justified the USSR invasion of Czechoslovakia(1968). Established tha no nation was able to leave the WARSAW pact or intrude into another nation’s communist government. Restrict WARSAW nations from disrupting and eliminating communism and gave Soviet Union the authority to define the “enemies” and “friends” of communism.
8. Occupation Zone- Soviet controlled area of East Germany. Place of formation of the GDR. Took control in 1945, after WWII. Stalin wished that all of Germany was under Soviet reign but the west refused so I just focused his effort on the Western region
9. Berlin Blockade- The USSR tried to block of NATO giving supplies to that area of Berlin by the Berlin Blockade. Wanted to have USSR supply materials, that would give them ultimate control of the city. It was weakened however by the NATO Berlin Airlift operation, this supplied Berlin with food through area instead of trains and land. Berlin Blockade ultimately failed after several months.
10. De-Stalinization- Process where new leaders of the Soviet Unions denounce and criticized Stalin’s cult of personality to reinforce their new reign and to establish their power. They wanted communism to appear as a favorable form as government and Stalinist Russia’s communism was not seen as favorable so the new leaders attempted to cut ties with the former leader. Procedure carried out by Khrushchev, he destroyed Stalin’s statues, renamed Stalin themed areas, and eradicated Stalin’s body from its mausoleum.
11. Hungarian Revolution - Revolt against Stalinist control in Hungary. It began as a student demonstration but then ended with the fall of the Stalinist control in Hungary. The government claimed that they wished to remove themselves from the WARSAW pact & start over elections but the Soviet Union retaliated and regained their power.
12. Arms Race- competition between two powers to gain military technological domination over another. Race for technological dominance among the NATO nations and nations in the Warsaw pact. Countries collected nuclear arms to “defeat” another country.
13. Détente- Period of where ties between two nations are lessened and resentment between the powers are decreased. Period from late 1960’s to 1980’s where resentment between the US and the USSR declined greatly. This occurred because both countries were hurt economically and were wounded by the wars, they began arms-reduction treaties. They also create treaties that linked to a complete demilitarization of space.
14. Nikita Khrushchev: Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Events during his reign include the De-Stalinzation of Russia, the first space program, agricultural reforms, economic developments, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, and Russia’s joining of the WARSAW pact.
15. Viet Cong: Unorganized army of South Vietnam that was against the Southern Vietnamese forces. During the Vietnam War, the Viet Cong used guerrilla tactics. They were broken up when North and South Vietnam were brought back together by the communist party.
Sunday, May 24, 2009
Sunday, May 17, 2009
SAQ Chinese Revolution
1. Japan was ready for power as soon as WWI was over because they were a lot more industrialized and had a stable government. They had a very strong and well trained army. Thus, they were able to conquer several countries during WWI. This allowed the Japanese to move into Manchuria because they had gained a lot of confidence from WWI. Since Japan lacked natural resources, they needed to move into other countries and Manchuria appeared to be the ideal place to conquer. Since Manchuria belonged to China at the time and China was a weak country at the time, they invaded Manchuria and took over.
2. Communism was appealing to those in China, it was a new kind of government that would help the country prosper. The peasants thought that this government would change their lives for the better. “The Long March” was a march that stretched over 1,000 miles, it revealed that the communists were devoted to the people of China. Mao capitalized this by using this to gain support, and overthrew any possible competition to power, and thus established communism as the government of China.
3. I think that Mao called this the “Cultural Revolution” because he wanted this period to be a period of cultural change. He wanted the youth of China to obey his orders and to ignore the orders of their teachers and government officials. This event could be compared to the Nazi’s rise to power in Germany. Hitler aimed his propaganda campaign towards the youth of Germany, he even commanded them to disobey their teachers and burn books.
2. Communism was appealing to those in China, it was a new kind of government that would help the country prosper. The peasants thought that this government would change their lives for the better. “The Long March” was a march that stretched over 1,000 miles, it revealed that the communists were devoted to the people of China. Mao capitalized this by using this to gain support, and overthrew any possible competition to power, and thus established communism as the government of China.
3. I think that Mao called this the “Cultural Revolution” because he wanted this period to be a period of cultural change. He wanted the youth of China to obey his orders and to ignore the orders of their teachers and government officials. This event could be compared to the Nazi’s rise to power in Germany. Hitler aimed his propaganda campaign towards the youth of Germany, he even commanded them to disobey their teachers and burn books.
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